What is EDM in Surveying?

Types of EDM Instruments

• Infrared Instruments.
• Microwave Instruments.
• Visible Light Instruments.

1. Infrared Instruments

2. Microwave instruments

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3. Visible Light Instruments

• Short-range, electro-optical instruments using amplitude-modulated infra-red or visible light with ranges up to 5 km.
• Medium-range microwave equipment, frequency modulated to give ranges around 25 km.
• Long-range radio wave equipment with ranges up to 100 km.

Measurement Principle of EDM Instrument

• λ = c/f
  • λ = Wavelength in meters
  • c = velocity in km/sec.
  • f = frequency hertz (one cycle per second)

• L = (nλ + φ ) / 2 Meters

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• S = Station
• r = Reflector component of addition constant
• Z= Target
• E = References plane within the EDM for phase comparison
• λ = Modulation of wavelength
• W = Fraction to be measured of a whole wavelength of modulation Δλ
• e = Distance meter component of addition constant
• R = Reference plane the reflection of the wave transmitted by the EDM 

1. Temperature
2. Atmospheric pressure
3. Water vapor content in the atmosphere

Errors in Electronic Distance Measurement

Types of Error

1. Personal Errors
2. Instrumental Errors
3. Natural Errors

1 Personal Errors

2 Instrumental Errors

3 Natural Errors

EDM in Surveying

Electronic Distance Measuring Instrument

What is Electronic Distance Measuring (EDM)?

What Are the Types of EDM Instruments?

• Microwave Instruments — Also called tellurometers, these instruments use microwaves. And they have been around since the 1950’s.
• Infrared Wave Instruments — Uses prism reflectors that pick up amplitude modulated infrared waves at the end of a line.
• Visible Light Wave Instruments — Uses modulated light waves to measure up to a specific range.

Principle of EDM (Electronic Distance Measuring)

What Is EDM in Surveying?

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