What Is Column End Conditions | What Are Effective Lengths of Columns | Equivalent Lengths of Columns for Various End Conditions.

What Is Column?

  • (a) It encloses building areas into different compartments and provides privacy.
  • (b) It provides safety from burglary and insects.
  • (c) It keeps the building warm in cools in summer and winter.
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What Is Column End Conditions?

Type of Column End Conditions

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  1. Both Ends Hinged.
  2. Both Ends Fixed.
  3. One End Fixed and Other Hinged.
  4. One End Fixed and Other Free.
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1. Both Ends Hinged-

2. Both Ends Fixed-

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3. One End Fixed and Other Hinged-

4. One End Fixed and Other Free-

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What Are Effective Lengths of Columns?

Various k Factors and Column Effective Length

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Sr.No.Shape of ColumnColumn PostionEffective Length FactorEffective Length
1.Both End Fixed.k = 0.5Le = 0.5 l a
2.One End Pinned Joint and One End Fixed Joint.k = 0.7Le = 0.7 l a
3.Both End Pinned Joint.k = 1.0Le = 1.0 l a
4.One end Fixed Joint and One End Free.k = 2.0Le = 2.0 l a
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Equivalent Lengths of Columns for Various End Conditions.

Sr.No.Shape of ColumnDetail of ColumnRecommended design valuekTheoretical k Value
1.Effectively held in position and restrained in direction at one end but not held in position or restrained in direction at the other end.k = 2.00Lk = 2.00L
2.Effectively held in position and restrained in direction at one end and at the other end partially restrained in direction but not held in position.k = 2.10Lk = 2.00L
3.Effectively held in position and restrained in direction at one end and at the other end effectively restrained in direction but not held in positionk = 1.00Lk = 1.00L
4.Effectively held in position at both ends but not restrained in directionk = 1.20Lk = 1.00L
5.Effectively held in position at both ends and restrained in direction at one end.k = 0.80Lk = 0.70L
6.Effectively held in position and restrained in direction at both ends.k = 0.65Lk = 0.50L
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Effective Length of Column

Length of Column-

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How to Determine Column End Conditions?

Column End Conditions in Structural Analysis

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Steel Column End Conditions

  • Both ends are hinged or pinned.
  • One end is free and the other is fixed.
  • Both ends are fixed.
  • One end is fixed and the other end is pinned.
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Column Base Design Criteria

Steel Column End Connection Types

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  • Bolted framed connections.
  • Bolted seated connections.
  • Welded framed connections.
  • Welded seat connections.
  • End plate connections.
  • Special connections.
  • Simple, rigid and semi-rigid connections.
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Equivalent Length of Column

What Is Effective Length?

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What Is Effective Length of Column?

What Is the Column's Equivalent Length If One End Is Fixed and the Other Is Free?

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The Column or the Strut Is the Member Whose Effective Length Is Greater Than

What Are the 3 Types of Columns?

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What Are Columns Made Of?

How to Calculate Effective Length of Column?

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