What Is Drop Manhole Mean | Manhole Construction | Types of Manholes | Purpose of Manhole | Manhole Components | Define Appurtenances | Appurtenances Examples

What Is Drop Manhole Mean?

Excavation Bed Concrete Brick Masonry Plaster and Pointing. Channel and Benching Footrests Manhole Covers and Frames Read more

Step 1 - Excavation:

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Step 3 - Brick Masonry:

Step 5 - Channel and Benching

Step 6 - Footrests

Light Duty LD-2.5 Rectangular, Square, Circular Medium Duty MD-10 Rectangular, Circular Heavy Duty HD-20 Circular, Square, Rectangular Extra Heavy Duty EHD-35 Circular, Square, Rectangular Read more

Types of Manholes:

Based on Depth Based on Construction Material Read more

#1. Based On Depth:

Shallow Manholes: Normal Manholes: Deep Manholes: Read more

#a. Shallow Manholes:

#c. Deep Manholes:

Precast Concrete Manhole: Plastic Manhole: Fibreglass Manholes: Read more

#a. Precast Concrete Manhole:

#c. Fibreglass Manholes:

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Purpose of Manhole

There are various purposes of manhole; the first one is for cleaning, repair and maintenance of the sewage system. Manhole allows the change of alignment and direction of sewage. Some manholes are constructed with perforated covers; it helps to release the foul gases, so it allows the ventilation of the sewage system. Sewer lines are laid in a convenient length with support of manhole. Read more

Manhole Components

Access Shaft. Working Chamber. Base and Sidewalls. Bottom or Invert. Steps or Ladder. Cover and Frame. Read more

#1. Access Shaft:

Access shaft is the upper portion of a deep manhole. It's a vertical passage which gives access to the working chamber from the manhole cover. The minimum size of the rectangular access shaft is 0.75 m x 0.6 m and 0.7 m dia for a circular manhole. Sometimes access shaft is covered with reinforced concrete. In circular manhole, the access shaft is made little inward slope. Read more

#2. Working Chamber:

The lower portion of the manhole is termed the working chamber. This is provided for cleaning and inspection chamber. The minimum size of the working chamber for rectangular manhole is 1.2 m x 0.9 m. For circular type manhole, the dia of the working chamber is 1.2 m. Read more

#3. Base and Sidewalls:

The base of the manhole is generally made of plain cement concrete, and it resists the entry of groundwater. 15 cm is the minimum thickness of concrete bed for the depth of 0.8 m manhole. The sidewalls are made of brick masonry, stone masonry or reinforced concrete cement. The minimum thickness of the brick sidewall is 20 cm for the depth of 1.5 m and 30 cm for the depth of more than 1.5 m. Now, we use a rule to calculate the thickness of the brick wall, that is- Read more

#4. Bottom or Invert:

The bottom part of the manhole is like semicircular or U-shaped and made of PCC. The side of this is perfectly vertical. The slope provided for benching is 1 in 10 to 1 in 6. The invert chamber is constructed to prevent the backflow the sewage flow. Read more

#5. Steps or Ladder:

This is provided where the depth of manhole is more than 0.8 m. Steps are made of cast iron, and it's horizontal centre to centre distance is 38 cm, and vertical is 30 cm. Topside is placed 45 cm from the cover of a manhole. Ladders are generally provided in deep manholes. Read more

#6. Cover and Frame:

The cover set is provided at the top of the manhole. Generally, the covers of manholes are circular in shape, and the diameter is 56 cm, and depth is 0.9 m. Covers are made of cast iron. The dimension of this is 20 to 25 I'm height and 10 to 12 cm base. The weight of the cover and frames is between 90 kg to 270 kg. Read more

Define Appurtenances:

In Civil Engineering appurtenances means sewer appurtenances . Sewer appurtenances are such type of structure constructed in a sewerage system in a reasonable interval. This includes manhole, clean out, lamp hole, catch basin, etc. Read more

Appurtenances Examples:

Manholes: Lamp Holes: Cleanouts: Catch Basins: Inverted Siphons: Storm Regulators: Flushing Tank: Gullies: Read more

#1. Manholes:

Manholes are generally made of reinforces cement concrete. It's provided in suitable interval along the sewer line for cleaning, maintenance and inspection purpose. Read more

#2. Lamp Holes:

This is a small opening constructed along with sewer line to permit the lamp when the maintenance is running to clear the darkness. Read more

#3. Cleanouts:

The cleanout is an inclined pipe which is started from the ground and connect the ground sewer. It is generally provided in the upper sewer instead of a manhole. Read more

#4. Catch Basins:

Catch basins are provided to settle down the sand, grit, debris etc. Read more

#5. Inverted Siphons:

It's a passage which dropped below the hydraulic gradient line beneath the valley, road, railway, stream etc. It's also known as a depressed sewer. Read more

#6. Storm Regulators:

It's constructed to divert the excess stormwater into another stream. Read more

#7. Flushing Tank:

This is that type of tank which holds water, and by flushing, it cleans the dead-end of the sewer. Read more

#8. Gullies:

These opening are constructed in the road to divert the stormwater into the groundwater sewer. Read more

Sewer Appurtenances

Types of Manholes

Drop Manhole

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Light Duty	LD-2.5	Rectangular, Square, Circular
Medium Duty	MD-10	Rectangular, Circular
Heavy Duty	HD-20	Circular, Square, Rectangular
Extra Heavy Duty	EHD-35	Circular, Square, Rectangular

What Is Drop Manhole Mean | Manhole Construction | Types of Manholes | Purpose of Manhole | Manhole Components | Define Appurtenances | Appurtenances Examples