Flat Plate Mat: A flat plate mat is used where the structure is lightweight and small. When the soil is not compressible where this type is suitable. In the form of the cage, the reinforcement bar is provided on both the top and bottom sides. At least 6 inches of RCC thick slab is provided in this type of foundation.
Plate Thickened Under Columns: When the upcoming column load is very heavy the slab thickness should be increased. Where the flat plate mat foundation is not enough to carry the heavy load that comes from the superstructure then the thickened plate foundation is connected. The heavy load creates a negative bending moment on the column and diagonal shear in the slab. So the thickness of the RCC slab under the column should be thickened.
Tow Way Slab and Beam: In a two-way beam and slab foundation, all beams are placed in a perpendicular direction, and each beam is connected to the slab foundation. And the intersection of the beam all columns are placed. This type of foundation suitable when the column is carrying an unequal load and between the column, the spacing is more.
Rigid Frame Mat: When the column has a heavy load then the mat foundation is used. In this type of foundation design, the basement RCC wall acts as a deep beam. When the foundation depth is required more than 90 cm then the rigid frame mat foundation is used.
Piled Mat Foundation: This type of foundation constructs in the soil by piles. Where the water table is near the ground level and the soil compressibility is high the piled mat foundation is suitable for those places. Where the high-rise building is constructed the piled mat foundation is used.
Cellular Mat Foundation: The cellular mat foundation has also termed a box mat foundation. A box type of structure is formed whose wall acts as a beam. The walls are both sides top and bottom are connected by the slabs.
Wall Footing: The wall footing are two types one is simple and another is steeped. The steeped is used for heavy load and simple is a light load.
Isolated Footing or Column Footing: To supported individual columns the spread footing is constructed. The isolated footing can be a slab, slope, or stepped type.
Combined footing: The combined footing is constructed when two or more column is supported in a row. The shape of the combined column is either rectangular or trapezoidal.
Strap footing or cantilever footing: When connected by a beam two or more individual footing is called strap footing. The other name of this footing is cantilever footing.
Continuous footing: To required supported two or more columns in a row a single RCC slab is provided that is called continuous footing. In the earth quick area, this type of footing is suitable.
Grillage footing: Where the soil has low bearing capacity the grillage footing is used to transfer a heavy load from the steel structure. This type of footing is very economical for construction.
Soil Excavation for Mat Foundation: The excavation of soil for the foundation is more important because it provides a plane surface for the foundation. The excavation depth depends on the bearing capacity of the soil.
Waterproofing: All the mat foundations are generally waterproofed. When it is construed at the ground level waterproof, the membrane is added. That makes it waterproof. For this, the foundation is always protected from wetness or dampness.
Mat Foundation Reinforcement: Generally, there are two types of reinforcement is provided in the mat foundation one is bending reinforcement and another is shear reinforcement. The shear reinforcement is provided in the column and bending reinforcement provides as usual.
The uses of spread footing are to reduce the cracking caused by settlement.
The advantage of spread footing is by this footing around the base makes the soil stabilized.
The most important use of the spread footing is that by this we can make a stabilized structure.
In the spread footing, the basement can easily construct.
In this spread footing the design of the structure and the quality of the structure can be easily controlled for this it is widely used in construction.
It has good resistance for this the building can not slide during the flood.
The mat slab foundation can help transfer the load of the building to a verse area.
To make an economical structure like when the cost of depth foundation is more than from the shallow foundation then we constructed a mat slab foundation.
In this mat slab foundation, we can reduce the materials cost because when we construct the foundation at the same time the ground floor slab is poured for this reason the time and materials both are safe.
The mat slab is a shallow foundation for this the depth of the foundation is less so the excavation for the foundation is less.
The mat slab foundation can take more than load from the other type of foundation.
In another advantage is that the mat slab foundation can construct in poor soil.
The common disadvantage of spread footing is it is not suitable for all types of soils.
The disadvantage of spread footing is that it should be a built-in number of courses and each course should be projected 50 to 75 mm from the top course.
Another disadvantage of spread footing is the construction area is required more for this footing.