Wastewater from the home flows into the septic tank through a pipe.
The wastewater separates into three layers inside the tank. The top layer is scum, which is made up of oils, fats, and grease. The middle layer is liquid waste or effluent, and the bottom layer is solids or sludge.
Determine the size and location of the septic tank: The size of the septic tank will depend on the number of bedrooms in the house and the estimated water usage. The septic tank should be located at least 5 meters away from the house and any water source.
Excavate the site: Dig a hole in the ground for the septic tank. The depth of the hole will depend on the size of the tank. A typical septic tank in India is around 1.5 to 2 meters deep.
Build the septic tank: The septic tank can be made of concrete, plastic, or fiberglass. Concrete is the most commonly used material in India. The walls of the septic tank should be at least 10 cm thick.
Install inlet and outlet pipes: The inlet pipe should be connected to the main sewer line from the house. The outlet pipe should be connected to the drainfield.
Inlet Chamber: The first chamber is the inlet chamber, where wastewater enters the septic tank through the inlet pipe. This chamber is designed to separate solids and liquids.
Middle Chamber: The middle chamber is where the liquid waste (effluent) is further treated. The effluent flows through an opening in the dividing wall between the first and second chambers.
Third Chamber: The third chamber is the final stage of treatment. It is where any remaining solids and scum are further broken down and treated by bacteria. The effluent is then discharged into the drainfield or leachfield.
Obtain necessary permits: Check with your local health department or other relevant agencies to obtain any necessary permits and ensure that you comply with local regulations.
Plan the design: Determine the size and location of the septic tank based on the number of bedrooms in your home and the soil type. A professional engineer or contractor can assist you in this process.
Excavate the site: The excavation process will involve removing the topsoil and digging a hole that is deep enough to accommodate the septic tank.
Install the inlet and outlet pipes: The inlet pipe should be placed in a position that allows for proper flow of wastewater into the tank. The outlet pipe should be positioned so that it connects to the drain field.
Size: The size of the septic tank should be determined based on the number of people using it, and the daily water usage. A larger tank may be needed for larger households or high water usage.
Location: The septic tank should be located away from wells, streams, or other water sources to prevent contamination. It should also be accessible for regular maintenance and pumping.