What is Traversing Surveying? (Traverse Definition)

• i.e., the relative location of points in the horizontal plane.

Type of Traversing Surveying.

1. Open Traverse Surveying.
2. Close Traverse Surveying.

#1. Open Traverse Surveying-

#2. Closed Traverse Surveying-

Closed Traverse Survey Method

Methods of Traverse Surveying.

Traverse Survey May Be Conducted as Below Method

1. Chain traversing  (by chain angle)
2. Compass traversing (by free needle)
3. Theodolite traversing (by fast needle)
4. Plane table traversing (by plane table)

#1. Chain Traversing (by chain angle)-

#2. Compass Traversing (By Free Needle)-

#3. Theodolite Traversing (By Fast Needle)-

• Measuring horizontal angles
• Measuring vertical angles
• Measuring deflection angles
• Measuring magnetic bearings
• Measuring the horizontal distance between two points
• Finding the vertical height of an object
• Finding the difference of elevation between various type of points
• Ranging a line

1. Transit theodolite
2. Non-transit.

1. 1. Vernier theodolites—when fitted with a vernier scale
   2. Micrometer theodolites—when equipped with a micrometer.

#4. Plan Table Traversing (By Fast Needle)-

Traversing of Plane Table Survey

Procedure of Traverse

Reconnaissance

Selection of Traverse Stations

Linear and Angular Measurements

Plotting of Tranverse Survey

Distance and Angle Method In This Method

Co-Ordinate Method

Closing Error and Adjustments

Adjustment of Closing Error by Graphic Method

Bowditch's Method.

• The Bowditch Rule is :Correction to latitude (or departure) of any side =Total error in latitude (or departure) x (Length of that thee / Perimeter of traverse)

Transit Method

Advantages and Disadvantages of Methods of Plotting Traverses

1. Plotting a traverse by the method of included angles or directions with a protractor is the least accurate but the fastest method.
2. The most accurate and the best method to layout a single angle precisely is by tangents.
3. If a traverse fails to close and if the error is due to drafting, the error may be adjusted simply by rotating each line, except the first, slightly and progressively.
4. In the chord method of plotting a traverse, the erection of a perpendicular (in the tangent method) is eliminated, but the determination of the chord length is more laborious than finding perpendicular offsets.
5. The main disadvantage of the chord method is that an error in any of the traverse line is passed through along to the succeeding line.
6. Plotting by independent coordinates is supposed to be a better method since the independent coordinates of the stations do not affect the succeeding coordinates and thus the error, if any, is localized to a particular point and therefore, correction usually involves the replotting of the erroneous point only.
7. In plotting with consecutive coordinates, small errors of plotting are carried forward, and in a closed traverse, the closing error due to inexact plotting can be located since the coordinates used have already been balanced.
8. This may be considered to be an advantage, as the cause of discrepancy can be searched for and eliminated.
9. Since errors are not accumulated when plotting with independent coordinates, they are preferred for plotting an open traverse

Traversing in Surveying

Types of Traverse:

• Open Traverse. 
• Closed Traverse.
• Chain Traversing.
• Compass Traversing.
• Theodolite Traversing.
• Plane Table Traversing.

What Is Traverse Surveying and Its Types?

How Is Traverse Calculated in Survey?

What Is the Principle of Traversing?

What Is the Purpose of a Traverse Survey?

What Is the Purpose of a Traverse Table?

Where the Open Traverse Is Used?

What Is Loop Traverse?

What Is Open Compass Traverse?

What Is Open Traverse and Closed Traverse?

What Is Closed Traverse in Surveying?

What Is Types of Traverse?

What Does a Traverse Survey Do?

What Is Traverse Computation in Surveying?

What Is Traversing Explain in Detail?

What Is Traversing Explain How Traversing Is Done?

How Is Traversing Done?

What Is Open and Closed Traverse?

Traversing Surveying Methods

Importance of Traversing in Surveying

Traversing Methods in Surveying

• Chain Traversing.
• Compass Traversing.
• Theodolite Traversing.
• Plane Table Traversing.

Traversing Instruments in Surveying

• A total station (TS) or total station theodolite (TST) is an electronic/optical instrument used for.
• surveying and building construction.
• horizontal angle, vertical angle, horizontal distance, slope distance and vertical distance or.

Traversing in Surveying Techniques

1. Setup and Instrument Orientation: Begin by setting up the surveying instrument, such as a total station or a theodolite, at a known point with known coordinates. Ensure that the instrument is level and properly oriented.
2. Backsight: Sight a known point, called a backsight, using the surveying instrument. This point should have known coordinates or be tied to a known control point.
3. Fore-sighting: Move to the next point in the traverse and measure the distance and angle from the previous point. This is known as fore-sighting. The distance can be measured using an EDM (electronic distance measurement) instrument, and the angle can be measured using the theodolite or total station.

Quantities Measured During Traversing

Open and Closed Traverse in Surveying

What Is Closed Traverse?

What Is Compass Traversing?

How Many Types of Traverse?

Traverse Levelling

Closed Traverse Survey Procedure

Open Compass Traverse

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