Durability is also important aspects should be considered while foundation construction.
The foundation of the structure should be constructed such that it should be durable. The foundation should be designed such that it should be able to carry the Lord of the structure and prevent settlement of the foundation.
Shallow Foundation is the foundationtypes whose death is equal or less than the width of the foundation. ShallowFoundation is one of the most commonly used Foundation.
Shallow Foundation is generally used for today top 5m to 4m and it is generally constructed above the water table. The base of the structure is spread to provide individual support.
There are two different types of wall footings one is simple footing and seconds its stepped wall footing.
For lightweight or temporary structure, simple wall footings are generally used because it has a concrete base below the walls with no steps on the wall.
In the case of the load-bearing structure, the wall area is spread step by step till the foundation level, it is known as Stepped Foundation.
The simple footing is used under the compound walls and lightweight structures whereas the stepped footing are used under the load-bearing structure.
There are some special cases in which there are two columns are located near each other in the structure layout plan.
It is not possible to provide individual columns which may interfere or overlap each other. In the combined footing is it is necessary that the centre of gravity of column loads and the centroid of the footing should coincide with each other.
There are two types of combined footing one is rectangular combined footing and second is trapezoidal combined footing.
Cantilever footing is also known as strap footing. This type of footing is suitable when the column is located near the boundary of the plot and it is not possible to permit the footing of that column to exceed beyond the plot boundary.
The strap beam is provided in this type of footing which helps to co-ordinate and support the load of the column which is located on the boundary. The strap beam helps to connect two different columns.
Grillage Foundation is the type of foundation which is used to transmit the heavy load from columns to the underneath soil strata which has low bearing capacity.
This type of footing consists of steel beams in one or two tiers. Space between beams is filled with concrete to protect steel beams from corrosion.
Raft Foundation are suitable where the ground is soft or marshy which has a very low bearing capacity and where the subsoil water conditions are uncertain.
This type of foundations is made on the clayey soil. Raft Foundation consists of thick reinforced concrete slab covering the entire area of the bottom of the structure.
Deep foundations are the foundations whose depth is more than its width. The main function of the deep foundation used to transmit the total load of the structure to the firm layers deep inside the ground.
Deep foundations are constructed where the structure is susceptible to unequal settlements.
Well Foundation consists of the construction of Caissons. It is a watertight structure which is constructed with the wood, steel and RCC in connection with excavation for the foundation.