Lab Test on Aggregates at Site

Tests on Aggregates

In order to decide the suitability of the aggregate for use in pavement construction, following tests are carried out:

• Crushing test.
• Abrasion test.
• Impact test.
• Soundness test.
• Shape test.
• Specific gravity and water absorption test.
• Bitumen adhesion test.

Coarse Aggregate Test

Durability of coarse aggregate is normally evaluated in the sulfate soundness test and water absorption tests, and by measuring resistance to impact in the Los Angeles abrasion and impact test. The likely performance of aggregates in granular base is best measured by the micro-Deval test and water absorption.

Tests on Coarse Aggregate

Following tests are carried out:

• Crushing test.
• Abrasion test.
• Impact test.
• Soundness test.
• Shape test.
• Specific gravity and water absorption test.
• Bitumen adhesion test.

IS Code for Aggregate Test?

A test is standardized by IS: 2386 part-IV and used to determine the crushing strength of aggregates. The aggregate crushing value provides a relative measure of resistance to crushing under gradually applied crushing load.

IS Code 383 for Aggregates?

This standard covers the requirements for aggregates, crushed or uncrushed, derived from natural sources, such as river terraces and river- beds, glacial deposits, rocks, boulders and gravels, for use in the Production of concrete for normal structural purposes including mass concrete works.

Why Do We Test Aggregates?

Test aggregate to determine the quality of material. Doing a simple visual test is inadequate. Aggregate quality is based on gradation, fines content, and plasticity. Select good quality aggregates to improve construction materials and reduce maintenance.

What Is the Test of Aggregate?

The usual tests to control the quality of aggregates in California are grading, speci- fic gravity, unit weight, absorption, soundness, Los Angeles rattler, R-value, clean- ness, and sand equivalent. Generally, not all of these tests are applied to any one aggregate product.

What Is Elongated Aggregate?

When the length of aggregate is larger than the other two dimensions then it is called elongated aggregate or the length of aggregate is greater than 180% of its mean dimension.

What Are Aggregates Used For?

Aggregate, in building and construction, material used for mixing with cement, bitumen, lime, gypsum, or other adhesive to form concrete or mortar. The aggregate gives volume, stability, resistance to wear or erosion, and other desired physical properties to the finished product.

What Is Aggregate Impact Test?

The aggregate impact test value is a measure of resistance to sudden impact or shock, which may vary from its resistance to gradually applied compressive load.

IS Sieves for Coarse Aggregate?

The sieves normally used are the standard 8 inch (200 mm) sieves. With Fine Aggregate the coarse sieve or the 3/8” (9.5 mm) sieve at the top; each sieve below is finer; and the finest sieve, a No. 200 (75 µm) is at the bottom.

What Is the Types of Aggregates?

The Different Types Of Aggregate. The categories of aggregates include gravel, sand, recycled concrete, slag, topsoil, ballast, Type 1 MOT, and geosynthetic aggregates (synthetic products commonly used in civil engineering projects used to stabilise terrain).

How Do You Test for Aggregation?

In order to decide the suitability of the aggregate for use in pavement construction, following tests are carried out.

• Crushing test.
• Abrasion test.
• Impact test.
• Soundness test.
• Shape test.
• Specific gravity and water absorption test.
• Bitumen adhesion test.

What Are the Sizes of Aggregate?

What Is Aggregate Crushing Test?

The crushing value test of aggregate provides the resistance of an aggregate sample to crushing under gradually applied compressive load. Generally, the test is conducted on aggregate passing 12.5 mm and retained on a 10 mm sieve.

How Do You Test Fine Aggregates?

The fine aggregate specific gravity test is used to calculate the specific gravity of a fine aggregate sample by determining the ratio of the weight of a given volume of aggregate to the weight of an equal volume of water. It is similar in nature to the coarse aggregate specific gravity test.

What Is Aggregates and Its Types?

Aggregate is a landscaping term that’s used to describe coarse to medium grain material. The most common types of aggregate that are used in landscaping include: crushed stone, gravel, sand, and fill. Varying in material and stone size, each type can have its own purpose when it comes to landscaping projects.

What Is the Strength of Aggregate?

Tests on prepared rock samples are little used, but the average value of crushing strength of such samples is about 200 MPa, although many excellent aggregates range in strength down to 80 MPa.

What Is Soundness Test Aggregate?

Soundness is the percentage loss of material from an aggregate blend during the sodium or magnesium sulfate soundness test. This test, which is specified in ASTM C88 and AASHTO T104, estimates the resistance of aggregate to in-service weathering. It can be performed on both coarse and fine aggregate.

Why Aggregate Impact Test Is Done?

Determination of Aggregate Impact Value Impact Test on Aggregates is done to carry out to: Determine the impact value of the road aggregates, Assess their suitability in road construction on the basis of impact value.

What Is Grading Curve of Aggregate?

The grading curve graphically represents the proportion of different grain sizes which the aggregate is composed of and which form part of the shotcrete mix. It provides useful information to find out: Whether the distribution of the different aggregate sizes is suitable for pumping.

What Is Good Grading of Aggregates?

Grading refers to the determination of the particle-size distribution for aggregate. Grading limits and maximum aggregate size are specified because these properties affect the amount of aggregate used as well as cement and water requirements, workability, pumpability, and durability of concrete.

What Is Meant by Coarse Aggregate?

Coarse aggregates are any particles greater than 0.19 inch, but generally range between 3/8 and 1.5 inches in diameter. Gravels constitute the majority of coarse aggregate used in concrete with crushed stone making up most of the remainder.

What Is Specific Gravity of Aggregate?

Specific Gravity is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of aggregate to the weight of an equal volume of water. Water, at a temperature of 73.4°F (23°C) has a specific gravity of 1. Specific Gravity is important for several reasons. Some deleterious particles are lighter than the good aggregates.

IS Code for Bulk Density of Aggregate?

Bulk Density of Aggregates, IS: 2386 (Part- III) – 1963.

What Is Fine Aggregate with Example?

Sand, surki, stone screenings, burnt clays, cinders, fly ash, etc are used as fine aggregate in concrete. Brick chips (broken bricks), stone chips (broken stones), gravels, pebbles, clinkers, cinders etc. are used as coarse aggregate in concrete.

Which Aggregate Is Best for Concrete?

Gravel or broken stone aggregates with rough and non-glassy texture are the best aggregates because they create a good bond with the cement paste. Aggregates need to be hard, strong, chemically inert, and non-porous. Organic substances and dirt coating compromise the strength and durability of concrete.

How Do You Find Density of Aggregate?

For aggregates, density is determined by multiplying the relative density (specific gravity) of the aggregate times the density of water.

How Many Tests Are There in Concrete?

Methods for Testing Compressive Strength of Concrete.

1. Rebound Hammer or Schmidt Hammer (ASTM C805)
2. Penetration Resistance Test (ASTM C803)
3. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (ASTM C597)
4. Pullout Test (ASTM C900)
5. Drilled Core (ASTM C42)
6. Cast-in-place Cylinders (ASTM C873)
7. Wireless Maturity Sensors (ASTM C1074)

IS Test Procedure for Coarse Aggregate?

The test sample consists of aggregates sized 10.0 mm 12.5 mm. Aggregates may be dried by heating at 100-110° C for a period of 4 hours and cooled. Sieve the material through 12.5 mm and 10.0mm IS sieves. The aggregates passing through 12.5mm sieve and retained on 10.0mm sieve comprises the test material.

What Is the Ideal Grading of Aggregates?

4.16 to 4.19. The grading curve of any fine aggregate falling wholly within the limits of any one zone is considered suitable.

What Is the Sieve Size of Fine Aggregate?

The sieves normally used are the standard 8 inch (200 mm) sieves. With Fine Aggregate the coarse sieve or the 3/8” (9.5 mm) sieve at the top; each sieve below is finer; and the finest sieve, a No. 200 (75 µm) is at the bottom. A pan is placed below to retain any fine material that may pass this sieve.

Can You Have a Negative Specific Gravity?

This fact highlights the utility of the usage of submerged specific gravity in problems involving buoyancy and force balances on submerged objects: the object will naturally rise when its submerged specific gravity is negative, and sink when its submerged specific gravity is positive.

Which Aggregate Is Best for Construction?

1. The typical coarse aggregate size ranges from 4.75 mm to 18 mm.
2. Gravel or broken stone aggregates with rough and non-glassy texture are the best aggregates because they create a good bond with the cement paste.
3. Aggregates need to be hard, strong, chemically inert, and non-porous.
4. Organic substances and dirt coating compromise the strength and durability of concrete.

What Is the Maximum Size of Aggregate?

The smallest sieve opening through which the entire amount of aggregate is permitted to pass. coarse aggregate MUST pass the 1.5” sieve but 95 – 100% MAY pass the 1” sieve, therefore # 57 aggregate is considered to have a Maximum size of 1.5” and an Nominal Maximum size of 1″.

What Is the Density of Coarse Aggregate?

The relative density is a ratio that describes the density of the aggregate relative to the density of water. A typical range for natural coarse aggregate is 2.4 to 2.9, meaning that the coarse aggregate is 2.4 to 2.9 times the density of water.

What Is an Example of Coarse Aggregate?

Coarse aggregates are a construction component made of rock quarried from ground deposits. Examples of these kinds of ground deposits include river gravel, crushed stone from rock quarries, and previously used concrete. Coarse aggregates are generally categorized as rock larger than a standard no.

What Are the 4 Main Types of Aggregates?

Aggregate is a landscaping term that’s used to describe coarse to medium grain material. The most common types of aggregate that are used in landscaping include: crushed stone, gravel, sand, and fill. Varying in material and stone size, each type can have its own purpose when it comes to landscaping projects.

How Is Absorption of Aggregate Calculated?

The aggregates should be weighed (Weight ‘A’). iv) The aggregates should then be placed in an oven at a temperature of 100 to 110^oC for 24hrs. It should then be removed from the oven, cooled and weighed (Weight ‘B’). Formula used is Water absorption = [(A – B)/B] x 100%.

How Many Types of Aggregate Test Are There?

What Are the Properties of Coarse Aggregate?

Coarse aggregate shall consist of naturally occurring materials such as gravel, or resulting from the crushing of parent rock, to include natural rock, slags, expanded clays and shales (lightweight aggregates) and other approved inert materials with similar characteristics, having hard, stronng, durable particles, conforming to the specific requirements of this Section.

What Is Water Absorption of Coarse Aggregate?

Water absorption of aggregates is the % of water absorbed by an air-dried aggregate when immersed in water at 27°C for a period of 24 hours. The water absorption test uses to find the water holding capacity of the aggregates.

What Is the Different Tests on Coarse Aggregate?

Durability of coarse aggregate is normally evaluated in the sulfate soundness test and water absorption tests, and by measuring resistance to impact in the Los Angeles abrasion and impact test. These tests suffer from some disadvantages: poor precision and inadequate correlation with field performance.

How Do You Calculate Aggregate Crushing Value?

W1-W =Weight of surface dry sample. The mean of two result to nearest whole number is the aggregate crushing value.

How Do You Find the Density of Coarse Aggregate?

If the volume is unit then, Bulk Density= Mass. Unit in kg/m³ or lb/ft³. In this definition, the volume is that contains both the aggregates and the voids between aggregates particles. The approximate bulk density of aggregate that is commonly used in normal-weight concrete is between 1200-1750 kg/m³ (75-110 lb/ft³).

Which Type of Aggregates Gives Good Workability?

The aggregates which gives more ease of working and workability is round aggregate, flaky and angular also used in some cases, irregular also are used in pavements. = 7.14%.

What Is the Importance of Aggregate Impact Value?

Aggregate Impact Value test determines the Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) of aggregates which provides a relative measure of the resistance of an aggregate to sudden shock or impact. Resistance of the aggregates to impact is termed as toughness.

What Is the Purpose of Specific Gravity of Aggregate?

The specific gravity of aggregates indirectly measures its density; hence it is the most essential parameter of strength or quality of the aggregates. Higher the specific gravity, higher is the strength.

How Do You Calculate Water Absorption of Aggregate?

Formula used is Water absorption = [(A – B)/B] x 100%.

How Do You Find the Maximum Size of Coarse Aggregate?

Nominal Maximum Size: The smallest sieve opening through which the entire amount of aggregate is permitted to pass. coarse aggregate MUST pass the 1.5” sieve but 95 – 100% MAY pass the 1” sieve, therefore # 57 aggregate is considered to have a Maximum size of 1.5” and an Nominal Maximum size of 1”.

What Is the Range of Specific Gravity of Coarse Aggregate?

The specific gravity of aggregates normally used in construction ranges from about 2.5 to 3.0 with an average value of about 2.68.

What Is the Test Required for the Shape of the Aggregates?

It is no surprise that this is by far the most common and primary test to be performed on an aggregate sample. As most of these aggregate characterization tests, it is not difficult to perform properly and can be conducted effectively by technicians with minimal training.

Which Property of Aggregate Is Measured by Crushing Test?

The strength of coarse aggregates is assessed by aggregates crushing test. The aggregate crushing value provides a relative measure of resistance to crushing under a gradually applied compressive load. To achieve a high quality of pavement, aggregate possessing low aggregate crushing value should be preferred.

How Do You Measure Moisture Content of Coarse Aggregate?

Do not use the combined weight of the sample container plus the aggregate sample. Then divide the weight of the moisture held by the aggregate by the weight of the sufficiently dried sample. Then multiply this value by 100. The resulting value is the aggregate moisture content as a percent.

What Are the Two Most Common Types of Concrete Aggregates?

Aggregates, which account for 60 to 75 percent of the total volume of concrete, are divided into two distinct categories–fine and coarse. Fine aggregates generally consist of natural sand or crushed stone with most particles passing through a 3/8-inch sieve.

How Can You Determine If the Coarse Aggregate Is in Ssd Condition?

The coarse aggregate specific gravity test measures coarse aggregate weight under three different sample conditions:

• Oven-dry (no water in sample).
• Saturated surface-dry (SSD, water fills the aggregate pores).
• Submerged in water (underwater).

Using these three weights and their relationships, a sample’s apparent specific gravity, bulk specific gravity and bulk SSD specific gravity as well as absorption can be calculated.

What Is the Is Code for the Specification of Coarse and Fine Aggregate?

354/1949 – Standard Specification (Coarse and Fine Aggregates From Natural Sources For Concrete) Order, 1949. S.I.